Fasting Required: No
Risk assessment
Cardiovascular disorders, Kidney disorders, Seizures
Ranges
Sodium (Na+): 135–145 mmol/L
Potassium (K+): 3.5–5.0 mmol/L
Chloride (Cl-): 98–107 mmol/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3-): 22–30 mmol/L
Calcium (Ca2+): 8.5–10.5 mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg2+): 1.5–2.5 mg/dL
Low Sodium (Hyponatremia): Can result from dehydration, kidney disease, or excessive fluid intake.
High Sodium (Hypernatremia): Often due to dehydration or kidney issues.
Low Potassium (Hypokalemia): May be caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or the use of certain diuretics.
High Potassium (Hyperkalemia): Can indicate kidney failure or excessive intake of potassium supplements.
Low Calcium (Hypocalcemia): Can result from vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease, or low magnesium levels.
High Calcium (Hypercalcemia): Often seen in conditions like hyperparathyroidism or cancer.
Low Magnesium (Hypomagnesemia): May result from malnutrition, alcoholism, or diarrhea.
High Magnesium (Hypermagnesemia): Often associated with kidney disease or excessive supplementation.